LINKS TO OTHER SITES OF INTEREST

Carriage of Ammunition on QANTAS Flights <Return to top>

Laurie Willoughby, Manager Dangerous Goods Compliance Ph 02 9691 8463 or 0419 204 670 mailto:lwilloughby@qantas.com.au

Virgin Airlines have a written policy for carrying firearms and ammunition on their flights. To peruse this policy go to www.virginblue.com.au

AIR TRAVEL WITH CARTRDIGES <Return to top>

So you wish to carry cartridges, do you?

Or a travellers guide for the cartridge collector on how to get it right. (Terry Castle)

Most cartridge collectors at some stage in their lives will wish to travel (most probably by air) and what better than to meet fellow cartridge collectors in other parts of the World. Along with the trip is the opportunity to ‘shoot’ (if you will pardon the pun) tall stories, exchange fact and fiction on those rare and scarce cartridges somewhere “out there”. Hopefully, one will be able pick up some desirable item that has been on the ‘wants list’ for ages and is now obtainable in a different country, where, guess what? they are not that rare at all!  Doesn’t Murphy’s Law just have that particular quirk of nature? Dreams are one thing and reality is another. All cartridge collectors, wherever they live in the World, should by now be well aware that life for any air commuting passenger come John or Jane Doe has forever changed since September 11 2001.

Can one carry cartridges by air overseas, or for that matter, within one’s own Country? Knees tremble whilst at the same time mental images (hopefully unexperienced) of graphic strip searches in grubby little offices or cubicles at various air passenger terminals flit through one’s mind. “It of course can not happen to me” so the mind says. “It just has to be the other bloke. Heck I am just an ordinary law abiding citizen who has a different hobby. I’m not a ruddy drug smuggler for heaven’s sake. Me, committing a crime or an offence? You have just got to be joking! I am just pursuing my hobby and not offending anyone.” Well do we have news for you, not all of it bad dare I say.  But look, listen and a word to the wise.

Just about any airline that you can think of, and a host that you have never heard of, are signatories to the IATA (International Aviation Transport Association) Dangerous Goods Regulations (currently in its 2010 - 51st edition). This weighty document of over 1,000 pages is prepared by IATA principally in Canada with the intent of giving guidance and laying down procedure and minimum requirements to companies who specialise in preparing hazardous air cargo for shipment by air. Knowledge of these Regulations to the Cartridge Collector in fact is not lengthy if just travelling with a suitcase and is initially summed up as follows:

We go to Page 14; section 2.3.2 Goods Acceptable with Operator Approval, as Checked Baggage Only.

2.3.2.1 Ammunition: Securely packaged ammunition (cartridges for weapons, small arms) in Division 1.4S, (UN 0012 or UN 0014 only),  in quantities not exceeding 5 Kg (11 lb) gross weight per person for that person’s own use, excluding ammunition with explosive or incendiary projectiles. Allowances for more than one passenger must not be combined into one or more packages.

Two matters of note exist here. Firstly the term ‘sporting ammunition’ or ‘for sporting purpose’ has been dropped and secondly there IS NO requirement for original packaging. The matter of original packaging has been erroneously bandied about for a long time, but in reality there has been no such requirement for a very long time.

Now let us go firstly to Table 2.3.A, page 14 of these Regulations to see who in authority needs to know what. This is the “Provision for Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew.

We read.

Ammunition (cartridges for weapons), securely packaged (in Div. 1.4S, UN 0012 or UN 0014 only),  in quantities not exceeding 5 Kg (11 lb) gross weight per person for that person’s own use, excluding ammunition with explosive or incendiary projectiles. Allowances for more than one passenger must not be combined into one or more packages.

Pretty much a repeat of what we have already learnt at section 2.3.2.1

Permitted in carry on baggage: NO

Permitted in or as checked baggage: YES

Permitted on ones’ person: NO

The approval of the operator(s) is required: YES

The pilot in command must be informed of the location: NO

So the first sigh of relief is heard! But wait, what is this bit about Division 1.4S and these 2 UN (United Nations) numbers? So one delves deeper, and in doing so, we are now entering the realm of the Regulations that are specifically intended to apply to air cargo, ie freight of which we will learn a little more later. Nonetheless we need definitions so as to give us a clear understanding and from now on we learn where we will find them. It should go without saying that if you are prohibited from shipping items by air cargo then one sure as heck is not going to be allowed to pack them into one’s suitcase!

Next to look at on page 51 is the daunting list of Airlines who have made additional requirements, exclusions and or prohibitions. This section is termed “List of Operator Variations”.

This is far too lengthy to go into here BUT BE AWARE that many airlines (and there will be more in the future) have set in place their own requirements and these can specifically exclude the carriage of ammunition REGARDLESS of what the IATA DG Regulations say. Any airline may have its own policy in place that exceeds the requirements of the IATA DG Regs, but no airline can make or allow requirements that are lesser than the Dangerous Goods Regulations. Hence it is essential that a collector checks well in advance with the airline of his or her choice, well before (up to 2 weeks minimum is recommended) arriving at an airport with the intentions of flying with cartridges packed within checked baggage.

We move now to Section 3 – Classification, on page 89 of the Regulations.

3.0.2 – Hazard Classes: “Some hazard classes are further subdivided into hazard divisions due to the wide scope of the class. The nine hazard classes and their divisions are listed below. The order in which they are numbered is for convenience and does not imply a relative degree of danger

3.0.2.1 Defines the Hazard Classes, in this case Class 1 – Explosives and we read

Division 1.4 – Articles and substances presenting no significant hazard.

At section 3.1.2 - Description:  we read that “Explosive articles and substances are assigned to one of six divisions and to one of thirteen compatibility groups. Not all compatibility groups are to be found in a division”.

Notes. 1. Only explosives in Division 1.4 compatibility group S are permitted on a passenger aircraft.

Under 3.1.3.4 Division 1.4 we see and read the following, which in fact gives THE DEFINITION of the letter S:

“Articles and substances that present no significant hazard. This division comprises articles and substances, which present only a small hazard in the event of ignition or initiation during transport. The effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package”.

“Note: Articles and substances in this division are placed in Compatibility Group S when they are so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package unless the package has been degraded by fire, in which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder fire-fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package.”

We then note sections 3.1.4 under Compatibility Groups and this goes on to include section 3.1.4.1 to 3.1.4.3. Here is quite detailed stuff, more relevant to the Dangerous Goods Handler/Shipper/Consigner. However, if you are packing ammunition for air shipment it would pay to source this detail out first.

We now have the definition/significance of the S after 1.4 which is further repeated in Table 3.1.A on page 92 – Compatibility Group For Explosives. It repeats and elaborates on the detail regarding S - “Articles and substance so packed or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package unless the package has been degraded by fire, in which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package

So now brimming with new found knowledge we proceed to pack our container which, in this case, will be going into the suitcase. Packing for airfreight is a totally different matter and may or may not be allowed by the Dangerous Goods Handler.

BUT ONE MOMENT. What in fact constitutes ammunition, for here we come upon a very considerable anomaly? For this detail we go to Appendix A of the Regs and in looking up the word ‘Ammunition’ on page 705 we find that we are looking at detail regarding generic terms more suited to items of warfare; “grenades, rockets, mines, projectiles and other similar devices or contrivances”.

In essence ALL Ammunition is totally forbidden on any Passenger Aircraft, always. ‘Cartridges’ however ARE NOT. It does not pay to get into the semantics of this issue, but it is important to remember this gem of knowledge.

So changing tack we proceed to page 709 where we find the definition for CARTRIDGES SMALL ARMS, which is what we want and where we yet again find the term ‘ammunition’ associated with or incorporated with that of ‘cartridges’. If you are not confused by now, you should be.

“Ammunition consisting of a cartridge case fitted with a centre or rimfire primer and containing both a propelling charge and solid projectile(s). They are designed to be fired in weapons of calibre not larger than 19.1 mm. Shotgun cartridges of any calibre are included in this definition. The term excludes Cartridges, small arms, blank which are listed separately and some small arms cartridges which are listed under Cartridges for weapons, inert projectile”.

There are definitions for other ‘cartridges’ listed here, but let us stick with matters relating to our hobby. This section should however be checked if one is shipping such as ‘blanks’, ‘power devices’, ‘flash’ etc.

Moving on we come to a section of Blue pages and titled: (section) 4.2 List of Dangerous Goods, on page 141. This is the designated list of shipping instructions.

Pages 150 and 151 detail requirements for ammunition (yes you guessed it, as against cartridges!) and includes such as ammunition incendiary, ammunition smoke, ammunition tear-producing, ammunition smoke white phosphorous etc. All of these forms of ammunition are totally forbidden on passenger aircraft and many are forbidden on cargo aircraft. In essence all of this ammunition relates to ammunition without an inert projectile.

We go on to pages 167, 168 and 169,  This section deals with sending cartridges as cargo or freight, but it is far from irrelevant to the cartridge collector as the UN ID (identification number) and considerable other detail is given that still impacts on cartridges/ammunition carried as checked baggage.

We see Classes and or Divisions relating to ammunition which have now suddenly become cartridges. This section gives us details that we are trying to locate, i.e. the UN (United Nations) numbers. We are looking for Class or Division 1.4S. UN 0012 which will be the most relevant: Cartridges for Weapons, inert projectile.

UN 0014 is also indicated and it includes Cartridges, small arms, blank.

We see a daunting list of 34 different types of Cartridges and their Shipping Names/Descriptions, with the word FORBIDDEN below the Passenger aircraft section.  In essence To reiterate: NO cartridges or ammunition of any type are permitted to be sent as cargo / freight on a Passenger Aircraft. Multiple types of cartridges are permitted to be freighted on cargo aircraft, in some instances up to 100kg per lot, but far from all are permitted and should you be shipping cartridges by air, this section needs to be thoroughly checked.

Of extreme relevance is the number 130 located in the Packing Instruction column. This relates to freighting items (as unaccompanied cargo) but again in general, if safe to freight, then it is also probably safe to transport within a suitcase. So looking up packing Instruction 130 on page 343 it says, well quite a lot to be frank and does not even mention UN 0012 or UN 0014. It does however indicate boxes and drums and that they can be constructed of such as aluminium, wood, plywood, reconstituted wood, fibreboard, plastic and steel.

One must move forward to section 6.2 of the DG Regulations as of page 536 – This provides the specifications for ‘Outer Single and Composite Packagings’ and gives us the details regarding the various types of containers indicated above. This is too detailed to reproduce here but will be available upon request. If you are shipping as cargo your Dangerous Goods Handler will have all the details. Suffice to say, if in doubt make an inquiry and if not, go the extra mile in making the suitcase container as robust as possible and made of one or more of the above components. The long and the short of it is that containers of any of the above indicated construction are suitable to ship cartridges in, be it a passenger plane as checked baggage or a cargo plane. Freight containers however must be made to very stringent (Drop Test) specifications and ONLY a Dangerous Goods Handler should provide these containers.

Such a container for your suitcase must be packed securely and it must contain only UN 0012 or UN 0014.

If we are going to hold our own on technical talk (it is called CREDIBILITY) with any person employed on security at airports, be they Customs Officers, Police or others such as airline officials, it pays to know as much as possible about what we are collecting and what we are conveying.

And then what do we have here in our secure container within our suitcase but:

  Cartridges for weapons, inert projectile

UN (United Nations number) 0012.

Maximum gross quantity of cartridges per package: 5.0kg

  For freighting (and still applies for you anyway) they will be

Hazard Division: 1.4

Compatibility Group S.

Hazard label: Explosive 1.4.

Passenger and Cargo Aircraft packing Instruction: 130.

As also applies to UN 0014: Cartridges for small arms blank.

Of very considerable significance is the fact that the black and orange IATA Dangerous Goods Label used by hazardous substances shipping companies showing 1.4S IS NEVER intended under any circumstance to be put on the exterior of your suitcase or container of cartridges that is to go into your suitcase. Make sure that this NEVER happens as you will cause a security alert should you ever do so.

One bears in mind that a lot of the above relates to shipping as cargo, not in one’s suitcase. However again, if you can NOT ship it as cargo then you sure as heck are not going to be able to place it in your suitcase! So there is reciprocal relevance here.

We are now believe it or not, well on our way to understanding what we can and can not put in our little 5.00 Kg shipment within our suitcase.

“What” it could be asked “is wrong with a few cartridges wrapped up in a couple of plastic bags then stuffed into an old jersey or two within the suitcase?”. Safe as houses one would think. But Uh hu! Not in this day and age. Nor what the airport official would see as acceptable and on the ‘almost certain to be confiscated list’, plus you will stand a high probability of the airline concerned refusing to carry you.

We can now see that we may take in our suitcase, correctly packed:

1.      All cartridges (the acceptable term to use) that have one or more (remember multi-ball cartridges or shot shells) projectiles that are not larger than 19.1 mm in diameter or calibre (and that do not fall into the prohibited schedule), on the basis that they are most likely (although they do not have to be any longer) sporting cartridges with inert projectiles It is quite factual to indicate that virtually any calibre has been used for sporting purposes at one time or the other, this matter being left up to the individual concerned at the time.

2.      That the airline concerned must give its consent (IN WRITING preferably for your and others peace of mind) prior to the air trip taking place. This consent is best initiated by YOU contacting the specific airline’s ‘Operations Manager’ in writing at the airport that is you first leaving point. Your query may well be passed down the line, but it is strongly recommended that you write to this person initially by e-mail or letter, requesting the airline’s consent and assistance. You will probably get both if you make the right approach. Should you be travelling with your partner and 14 children, the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations allow for the carriage of a maximum of 5.00kg of (UN 0012 or UN 0014) cartridges per passenger. How you explain that your 5 month old daughter and or 2 year old son is a cartridge collector is a matter entirely left up to you!

3.      There has been an erroneous misunderstanding with some in the past that a passenger may carry 5.00kg of cartridges in each suitcase that the passenger has with him or her. This matter is completely inaccurate and is a direct breach of the IATA DG Regulations.

4.      That you know that the gross weight of the cartridges should not exceed 5.00kg or 11 lbs. You may well be asked to sign a black and red document and that contains a similarly coloured luggage tag. This signed luggage tag will be attached to your suitcase (and is easily locatable by airline and baggage handling staff) and it is a declaration that you have done all necessary paperwork before travelling,  permits etc and that you are not exceeding the 5.0kg limit.

5.      That the container be made of one of the acceptable materials listed above. The author has a large pressed metal biscuit tin that is perhaps more travelled than the average space shuttle! Lined with bubble wrap and filled with cartridges each of which is individually wrapped in toilet tissue to prevent contact between cartridges, then internal loose spaces being filled with tissues or plastic bags; this has always in the past been found acceptable by the airline and security staff concerned. The lid needs to be sealed down and such as ducting tape is recommended, with a part roll in the suitcase with a pair of nail scissors included. If required to open the tin for inspection you then have the immediate means to reseal it.

6.      That the cartridges/projectiles should not fall within the definition of “forbidden”, i.e. the case containing explosive or incendiary projectiles etc. You are of course aware that Cartridges with ‘Inert Projectile’ are acceptable, so best stick with that.

7.      Remember that you are or should be carrying or wish to take with you UN 0012 Cartridges for weapons, inert projectile(s), Class 1.4 S. You may or may not wish to add that these are sporting cartridges or obsolete collectors cartridges.

8.      You can expect the suitcase to be x-rayed more than once on its travel. If queried about cartridges in your suitcase then have the right answer and have the right paperwork. Airports have regular ‘explosive sniffer dogs’ at work in this day and age, so be aware. You may bet your last cent that should a well-trained dog go near your suitcase it will pick up the scent of propellant. Be prepared for a good explanation. Should you have been reloading or dumping out propellant the previous day and have got some trace of propellant on your clothing or shoes, look out again, as if your clothing is ‘swab tested’ and reads positive for explosives you will be in for an eventful time. This is where that letter of acknowledgment and affirmation back from your airline before you flew, can be Godsend.

9.      It is not the intent to delve into the matter of freighting or consigning cartridges by air cargo although there are some matters which inextricably overlap with the 5.0kg in the suitcase on a passenger aircraft. However to touch most briefly on this subject of air freighting, it has to be understood that the gross weight of a carton, box, bin or tin is in fact not that relevant, ‘though of course there is an upper limit for each package. What is of utmost importance is the gross weight of the propellant within each carton being declared. Hence on average a 10kg sealed all up carton built and made to required “drop test” specifications for freighting UN 0012 or UN 0014 may well only contain perhaps 0.834kg of propellant.  This is the part that really matters and that is essential in being declared to the shipping agent, who is going to consign you treasures as freight. They must know the total weight of propellant, expressed in metric units within each container. We are getting a bit technical here and could well get more so, but let us stick to the issue at hand of cartridges within suitcases.

10.  A new matter has come to light and this is one of the most relevant sections of this entire document. Many airlines now have to apply to fly through or over the airspace of other countries, China is one. Where the airplane concerned is going to be carrying ammunition or firearms the airline concerned must seek permission (if required to do so) of the country concerned, prior to overflying. Any person flying with cartridges should enquire from their airline a minimum of two weeks before flying, to check whether or not any country that the plane is landing in (even if you are only “in transit”) has a blanket ban on ammunition coming into or flying over that country. Failure to do this may well result in an airline refusing to carry your cartridges at the time that you check in.

So dear fellow collector, matters are not as they once were. Such trivials as import and export permits from the country of destination or arrival can now also rear their head. If in doubt make inquiry first from someone who has the correct answers. If you have no knowledge of Singapore or Zimbabwe and their requirements then I can assure the reader that they will receive a form of accommodation that they did not expect if they are found with cartridges/ammunition, having touched down in said country. There are other Countries that have or will in the future have these same policies.

Beyond all else bear in mind that the mistakes that you make and the rules that you break will not only effect you at the time, but with considerable probability, those genuine and honest cartridge collectors who follow on after you. And they may well not thank you for something that you once did and that they are paying the penalty for later. The old adage applies – “it just takes one to ruin it for everyone else!”

Safe and happy travelling and may our hobby endure.   <Return to top>

AFFILIATED CLUBS <Return to top>

Ammunition of the World: http://ammunitionpages.com 

California Cartridge Collectors Association: mailto:archaeophile@sbcglobal.net

International Ammunition Association (IAA)  http://www.cartridgecollectors.org/

    (IAA Forum http://cartridgecollectors.org/forumintro.htm )

Edmonton Cartridge Club http://members.shaw.ca/cartridge/index.htm

European Cartridge Research Association (ECRA)  http://www.ecra-net.de/

New Zealand Cartridge Collectors Club (NZCCC)  http://www.nzccc.org.nz 

The Rocky Mountain Cartridge Collectors Association

Scandinavian Ammunition Research Association mailto:mstoeen@online.no

Shotshell Collectors Society mailto:Williamjard@CS.COM

Sioux Empire Cartridge Collectors Association http://collectors.org/CD/Show_Club.asp?ID=1348

South Africa Arms and Ammunition Collectors Association - Gauteng Chapter http://www.saaaca.org.za/

United Kingdom Cartridge Club

Ballarat Arms and Militaria Collectors Society Inc  http://users.vic.chariot.net.au/~baamcs

AMMUNITION COMPANIES <Return to top>

ADI Ltd http://www.adi-limited.com/

AHR (American Hunting Rifles) http://www.hunting-rifles.com/

Bertram Bullet Co, 200 Golden Valley Highway, Seymour, Victoria 3660, Australia mailto:bbertram@bigpond.com  

Eley Ltd, UK  http://www.eley.co.uk/

Federal Cartridge, USA http://federalcartridge.com/   or  http://www.federalpremium.com

Kynamco Limited, The Old Railway Station, Station Road, Mildenhall, Suffolk, ENGLAND, IP28 7DT Ph. ... 44 163 851 5251 http://www.kynochammunition.co.uk/ or  mailto:kynamco@aol.com 

Nordic Ammunition Company  (make Raufoss ammunition) http://www.nammo.com/

Norma Precision, Sweden http://norma.cc/

Remington http://www.remington.com/images/template/newheader1.jpg

Rottweil http://www.rottweil-munition.de/en/rottweil/index.htm?navid=2

RUAG Ammotec, Switzerland (makes RWS, Norma & Hirtenberg ammunition) http://www.ruag-ammotec.ch/ammotec/en/ammotec/ruag_ammotec_ammunition.htm?navid=0

SYN TEC  (makes simunition rounds) http://www.sntec.com.html

Winchester Australia http://www.olin.com.au/

Winchester, USA  http://www.winchester-guns.com/

Weatherby  http://www.weatherby.com/

Westley Richards http://www.westleyrichards.com/

Woodleigh Bullets http://www.woodleighbullets.com.au/

Periodicals in Australia <Return to top>

Australian Shooter  http://www.ssaa.org.au/

Guns Australia  http://www.yaffa.com.au/

Guns and Game   http://www.gunsgame.com/

Sporting Shooter http://www.yaffa.com.au/

National Events <Return to top>

Adelaide Arms, Militaria and Collectables Fair Fax 8269 4358

Known dates are:       

Australian Arms Auctions Pty Ltd  www.australianarmsauctions.com.au

Known dates are:    

Greensgrass Antique  & Modern Arms and Collectables Expo (Contact Malcolm Gault 02 9651 4870 or malcolmgault.lynx@bigpond.com)

Known dates are:   Saturday 18 & Sunday 19 February, 2012 at Panthers World of Entertainment, Mulgoa Road, Penrith.

                          Saturday 19 & Sunday 20 May, 2012 at Panthers World of Entertainment, Mulgoa Road, Penrith.

                          Saturday 11 & Sunday 12 August, 2012 at Panthers World of Entertainment, Mulgoa Road, Penrith.

                          Saturday 10 & Sunday 11 November, 2012 at Panthers World of Entertainment, Mulgoa Road, Penrith.

Hunter Valley - Antique & Modern - Arms & Military Collectibles Fair  

Known dates are: 

Melbourne Arms and Militaria Fair (Contact Jeff & Jill Pennan 03 9848 2233, Fax 03 9848 3158) or blackjck@bigpond.net.au

Known dates are:   Saturday 23 & Sunday 24 July, 2011 at Melbourne Showgrounds, Langs Road, Ascot Vale..

SCI Hunting & Outdoor Convention (Contact Anthony Hammond or Ray Hammond Jnr at expo@scidownunder.org)

Known dates are:   Saturday 17 & Sunday 18 April, 2010 at Royal Melbourne Showgrounds.

SSAA SHOT Expo

Known dates are:   Satuday 5 & Sunday 6 June, 2010 at Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney Showground, Hall 4. www.shotexpo.com.au

International Events and Cartridge Sales <Return to top>

Ammo-One http://www.ammo-one.com

Collectable ammunition, hard-to-find ammunition and rare ammunition only in singles specimens (except for collectable and rare .22 boxes). Also supplies clear cartridge sleeves of different sizes for keeping individual cartridges in a sterile atmosphere. 

Auction Arms http://www.auctionarms.com/Pages/AMTpage2.htm

-specialising in auctions of collectable cartridges and related items

Colcart, Inc http://www.grr654@comcast.net

-specialising in sales of collectable cartridges 

E D Rogers http://www.militaria.co.nz

New Zealand's largest private speciality Militaria auctioneer

Engel's Collectables, Inc Auction http://www.engelscollectibles.com or  mailto:vicengel@suscom.net

- specialising in collectable cartridges with a catalogue of items

Date:  Saturday, June 12, 2010   Auction #10 Auction has been completed.

The Cartridge Collectors Exchange http://www.oldammo.com/

- provides lists of collectable cartridges for sale

Pete de Coux Auction House  mailto:pdbullets@commspeed.net

- specialises in auctions of collectable cartridges with a catalogue of items

Date:  Closes Saturday, 29th January 2011. Auction has been completed.

St Louis International Cartridge Show

Date:   20th - 23rd April 2011 Auction has been completed.

Wards Auctions https://www.wardscollectibles.com/

Collectable cartridges, shot shell boxes, rifle & pistol boxes, books and magazines, advertisements etc. Check out the bargain bin!

Date:  Auction #46 Ending 2nd December 2011.  Auction has been completed.

Books ASSOCIATED WITH Cartridge Collecting <Return to top>

Ackley, Parker. 1962. Handbook for shooters and reloaders Vol 1. Salt Lake City, Utah. 576p

Ackley, Parker. 1962. Handbook for shooters and reloaders Vol 2. Salt Lake City, Utah. 495p

Alford , Leon Pratt. 1917. Manufacture of artillery ammunition, by members of the editorial staff of the American machinist. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, U.S.A. 765p

Alphin, Arthur. 1996. Any Shot You Want; The A-Square Handloading and Rifle Manual. On Target Press. Pewee Valley, Kentucky. 624p

Am Rhyn, Michael. 1985. Schweizerische Patronenboden-Bezeich-nungen, 1867-1985 (Cartridge Head Stamps of Switzerland 1867-1985). Lucerne, Switzerland. 142p

American Machinist. 1942. Artillery and Small-Arms Ammunition. (A compilation of articles on ammunition manufacture from American Machinist). McGraw Hill. 244p

Amesbury, A. Donald. 1964. Let’s Start a Cartridge Collection. Economy Printing. Tucson, Arizona. 20p

Anderhub, Jost-Burkhard. 1975. Headstamps on Hunting and Sporting Ammunition Made by D.W.M.. European Cartridge Collectors Club 1965-1975. E.C.C.C.

Andersen, Per Arne and Andresen, Vidar and Strømstad, Trond. 1995. Cartridge Cases. Andersen, Andresen & Strømstad. Norway. 419p

Ashton, Harold Thomas. 1893. On the manufacture of modern fixed ammunition. Published by the Institution. London, U.K. 26p

Australia - Directorate of Technical Practice. 1942. Notes on the design of tools for the deep drawing of brass Cartridge Cases. Melbourne, Australia.

Bacyk, Ted and Bacyk, David and Rowe, Tom. 1999. Gun Powder Cans and Kegs. Rowe Publications. New York, U.S.A. 269p

Baker, David J and Lake, Roger E. Paradox The Story of Col. G V Fosbery, Holland and Holland, and the Paradox. Vol 1. Self Published.

Barber, John. 1987. The Rimfire Cartridge in the United States and Canada 1857 to 1984 an Illustrated History of its Manufacturers and Their Products. Armory Publications. Tacoma , Washington. 221p   ISBN: 0960498265

Barlerin, Jacques. 1992. Les Cartouches Françaises de 12,7. Paris, France. 109p

Barlerin, Jacques. 1998. Les Cartouches Intermediaires Francais 1944-1970. Paris, France. 127p

Barlerin, Jacques. 1993. Les Cartouches Militaires Françaises, La Cartouche de 7.62mm pour Carabine (.30 carabine). Paris, France. 50p

Barlow, William. 1872. Notes on Ammunition. Stationery Office. London , U.K. 108p

Barnes, Frank. 2003. Cartridges of the World (10th.edition).  (Each edition is significantly different in specialised articles). Krause. Northbrook , Illinios. 526p   ISBN: 0873496051

Bartlett, Wallace. 1985. Cartridges for Small Arms. Pioneer Press. 54p   ISBN: 0913150126

Bartlett , Wallace, and Gallatin, D.B. 1977. Digest of Cartridges for Small Arms Patented in The United States , England and France 1878. Museum Restoration Service. Ontario, Canada. 52p   ISBN: 0919316697

Bearse, Ray. 1966. Centerfire American Rifle Cartridges, 1892-1963. Barnes. Brunswick, New Jersey. 198p

Belton, John. 1977. Pichereau a Paris: A Percussion Shotshell of circa 1822. Arms Collecting. 15:81-83.

Benét, Stephen. 1868. Metallic Ammunition for the Springfield Breech-Loading Rifle-Musket. Frankford Arsenal. Philadelphia, U.S.A. 19p

Betschmann, Walter and Feller, Hans. 1989. Die Entwicklung der Gewehrmunition und der Gewehr der Schweizer Armee von 1815 bis 1990. Eidgenössische Munitionsfabrik Thun. Thun, Switzerland. 59p

Beutter, Manfred. 1993. European Shotshell Manufacturers before 1945, Gustav Genschow. Rosenfeld, Germany. 59p

Beutter, Manfred. 1990. Deutsche Warenzeichen, 1898-1943.

Blyth , Don and Dunn, Anthony G. 1991. The .22 Rimfires of Canada. White Pigeon, Michigan. 162p

Blyth, Don. 1997. The .22 Rimfires of Canada: 1997 update. Blyth. Guelph, Canada. 60p

Brandt, Jakob and Erlmeier, Hans. 1998. Handbuch der Pistolen und Revolver Patronen - Manual of Pistol and Revolver Cartridges (Originally three separate volumes, updated and now bound as one). Journal Verlag Schwend. Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. 706p (Text in German and English) ISBN: 3935210086

Brandt, Jakob and Hamann, Horst. 1986. Die Militärpatronen Kaliber 7,62 x 51 mm NATO, ihre Entwicklung und Abarten - The Military Cartridges Calibre 7,62 x 51 mm NATO, Their Development and Variants (Text in German and English). Journal-Verlag Schwend. Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. 314p

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Dowell, William. 1987. The Webley Story: A History of Webley Pistols and Revolvers, and the Development of the Pistol Cartridge. Commonwealth Heritage Press. Kirkland, Washington. 337p

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Dunlap, Roy. 1964. Loading.30 Caliber Match Ammunition. Dunlap. 16p

Dunn, Anthony. 1987. Catalog of the .22 Boxes of the USA.(3 volumes as one). Sturgis, Michigan. 400p

Dunn, Anthony. 1986. Catalog of the .22 Boxes Non-US. Sturgis, Michigan. 400p

Dutton, William. 1942. DuPont One Hundred and Forty Years. Scribners. New York, U.S.A.

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Eley. 2001. Eley Tenex Story: 50 Years of Excellence 1951-2001. 32p

Elks, Ken. 1979. Ammunition with Arabic Markings. Collector Cartridges. Kingston, U.K. 16p

Elks, Ken. 1981. Japanese Ammunition. Collector Cartridges. Kingston, U.K. 87p

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Engelhardt, Roland. 1989. Les Munitions. France. 116p

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Fleming, Bill. 1991. Prices Paid for British Sporting Rifle Cartridges. Armory Publications. Oceanside, U.S.A.

Fossheim, Widar and Senning, Helmer and Støen, Morten. 2004. Metallic Centerfire Cartridges: A list of metallic cartridges with central ignition. Helmer Senning. Oslo, Norway.

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Frankford Arsenal. 1971. Technical Note TN-1161, The Encapsulated Folded Ammunition Concept. Philadelphia: Ammunition Development and Engineering Laboratories, Frankford Arsenal.

Fressler, J.. 1909. Die Wirkung des deutschen 8 mm-Spitzgeschosses (S-Munition) an Menschen und Tieren. (Pages.441-621: Contained within "Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie"). F.C.W.Vogel. Leipzig. 180p

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Fuller, C.E.. 1933. The Breech-Loader in the Service The Arms Reference Club of America. New York, U.S.A.

Gaier, Claude. 1969. Small Arms Ignition Systems and Ammunition. Belgium . 111p

Gardner, Robert. 1963. Small Arms Makers. Bonanza. New York, U.S.A.  378p

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Gevelot. 1863. Fabrique D'Amorces Et De Cartouches De Chasse Et De Guerre. Editions Michel Lévy. France. 50p

Gibbs, Rocky. 1991. Gibbs' Cartridges and Front Ignition Loading Techniques. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott, Arizona. 64p

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Gilbert, Miles. 1971. The Use of X-Rays in Cartridge Identification. Plains Anthropologist 16(53):236-37

Goad, K. J. 1982. Ammunition: Including Grenades and Mines. Pergamon Press. 289p   ISBN: 0080283268

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Goodman, R.G. 1960. Identification of Metallic Cartridges Headmarks. Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, Metals Division. Birmingham, U.K. 75p

Gough, Thomas. 1970. Shotguns and Cartridges. A and C Black. London, U.K. 136p

Gracia, Barry. 1984. The Colonial Ammunition Company Cal. .303" Cartridges. Garcia. Stratford, New Zealand. 28p

Gracia, Barry. 1990. The Luttral File, Definitve Study of the CAC Shotshells. Garcia. Stratford, New Zealand. 55p

Gracia, Barry. 1991. Whitney's Heritage: A Study of Cartridges Manufactured by the Colonial Ammunition Company in New Zealand. Gracia. Stratford, New Zealand. 60p

Gracia, Barry. 1989. The New Zealand .22 Rimfire. Gracia. Stratford, New Zealand. 57p

Granelli, Antonia. 1997. Polveri, dosi e Cartucce. Editorale Olimpia. Firenze, Italy. 272p  ISBN: 8825387067

Grant Technologies Group Inc. 1983. Folded Ammunition A Collectors Guide to Folded Ammunition and Related Documentary Data Generated From 1965 to 1983. Jenkintown, Pennsylvania.

Great Britain Patent Office. 1896-1904. Patents for Inventions, Abridgments of Specifications, 1855-1900. 7 Volumes. Reprinted 1981. Museum Restoration Service. Bloomfield, Canada.

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Greek Powder and Cartridge Company. 1939. Greek Powder and Cartridge Company Limited (1874-1939). Rudolf Mosse. Athens, Greece. 195p

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Hackley, Frank and Woodin, William and Scranton, Eugene. 1967-78. History of Modern U.S. Military Small Arms Ammunition Vol 2 1940-1945. Macmillan. New York, U.S.A. 297p   ISBN: 0882270079

Hærens Materielkommando, Lindegaard, K. 1976. Ammunitionsarsenalets 300 års Jubilæum. Elling, Denmark. 70p

Hagel, Bob. 1978. Game Loads and Practical Ballistics for the American Hunter. Knopf. New York, U.S.A. 315p ISBN: 0394734813

Hamilton, C.V. 1962. U.S. Metallic Center Fire Rifle Cartridges, 1860-1960. Waynesfield, Ohio. 26p

Hamilton, Douglas. 1916. Cartridge Manufacture. The Industrial Press. New York, U.S.A. 167p

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Harris, Lynn . 1962. A List of Cartridge Headstamps for Collectors. Wellington, New Zealand . 12p

Harris, Lynn . 1981. A Little Further, a Little Faster: A Nostalgic Look at the Colonial Ammunition Company, its History and Cartridges. New Zealand Cartridge Collector's Club. Wellington, New Zealand. 72p

Harris, Lynn. 1993. Notes on the .455 Webley Revolver Cartridges (revised). Wellington, New Zealand. 52p

Harris, Lynn. 1980. The Military .303 Cartridge: It's History and Variations. Lynn Harris. Wellington, New Zealand. 116p

Harris, Lynn. 1994. Webley Auto Pistol Cartridges. Wellington, New Zealand. 35p

Harris, Lynn. 1994. Webley's .455 Auto Pistol Cartridges. Wellington, New Zealand. 35p

Harvey, Clay. 1984. Popular Sporting Rifle Cartridges. DBI Books. Northfield, Illinois. 320p   ISBN: 0910676747

Harvey, Nick. 2004. Nick Harvey's Practical Reloading Manual (6th edition). Hill End. Mudgee, Australia. 296p   ISBN: 0964306808

Hassler, Friedrich and Bihl, Adolf. 1939. Funzig Jahre Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken Aktiengesellschaft. VDI Verlag. Berlin, Germany. 226p

Hatcher, Julian Sommerville. 1962. Hatcher's notebook: a standard reference book for shooters, gunsmiths, ballisticians, historians, hunters, and collectors.  Stackpole. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 640p ISBN: 0811707954

Hauptverwaltung Deutsche Volkspolizei (Hrsg.). 1950. Munition der Deutschen Volkspolizei Artikel Nr. 0115-52-1336. DVP Nr. 64. Berlin, Germany. 46p

Hawes, Arthur. 1859. Rifle Ammunition: Being Notes on the Manufactures Connected therewith, as Conducted in the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. London, U.K. 95p

Hawkinson, Robert Jr., Cindy and Jennifer. 1993. Big Bore Ammunition. Mequon, Wisconsin. 390p

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Hebler, Freidrich. 1886. Das kleinste Kaliber, oder das zukünftige Infanteriegewehr Vol 1. Müller. Zurich, Switzerland.

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Hedlund, Dale. 2000. Kynoch: George Kynoch and the 100 Year History of the Company. Armory Publications. Tacoma. 132p   ISBN: 0939683202

Hedlund, Dale and Kuntz, John. 1980. .22 Boxes.(4 Volumes. H/K Publishing. Minnetonka, Minnesota. 218p

Held, Heinz. 2002. RWS - Patronen-Sammelsurium. Balzheim, Germany. 45p

Henry, Don. 1994. Mysterious Metrics: DWM and the Feeding of Foreign Firearms - Catalog of DWM Cartridge Case Pattern Numbers. Handloader's Digest / 1994. DBI Books. Northbrook, ILL. 17p   ISBN: 0873481408

Herter, George. 1970. Condensed Professional Loading of Rifle, Pistol and Shotgun Cartridges : Including Pressures and Velocities etc.. Waseca, Minnesota. 830p

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Hogg, Ian. 1986. Illustrated History of Ammunition. Quarto. London, U.K. 64p   ISBN: 0906286743

Hogg, Ian. 1982. The Cartridge Guide. Stackpole Books. Harrisburg. 192p   ISBN: 0811710483

Hogg, Ian. 1985. Jane's Directory of Military Small Arms Ammunition. Jane's Information Group. London, U.K. 124p   ISBN: 0710603312

Hogg, Ian. 1998. Ammunition: Grenades and Projected Munitions (Greenhill Military Manuals). Greenhill Books. 144p   ISBN: 1853673234

Horn, Warren. 1962. Headstamps and Cartridge Identification Data. Sheldon Press. Burlington, Vermont. 92p

Houze, Herbert. 1994. Winchester Repeating Arms Company. Krause Publications. Iola.

Howell, Ken. 1995. Designing and Forming Custom Cartridges: For Rifles and Handguns. Inkhorn. 608pbb ISBN: 0964362309

Hoyem, George.  Cartridge Catalogues, A collection of 16 rare and obtainable ammunition makers catalogues and illustrated lists dating from 1892 to 1939. Nine are American, one Canadian, four German, two English. Armory Publication. Tacoma, U.S.A. 492p

Hoyem, George. 1981. History and Development of Small Arms Ammunition Vol 1 Martial Long Arms: Flintlock through Rimfire. Armory Publications. Tacoma. 230p   ISBN: 0960498281   (ISBN: 0960498206. set)

Hoyem, George. 1982. History and Development of Small Arms Ammunition Vol 2 American Sporting Black Powder Centerfire Cartridges and their Rifles, ca 1812 to 1890. Armory Publications. Tacoma. 303p   ISBN: 096049829X   ( ISBN: 0960498206. set)

Hoyem, George. 1982 History and Development of Small Arms Ammunition Vol 3British Sporting Rifle. Armory Publications. Tacoma. 220p    ISBN: 0960498273   ( ISBN: 0960498206. set)

Hoyem, George. 1999. History and Development of Small Arms Ammunition Vol 4 Martial Long Arms: Black Powder Centerfire Cartridges and their Rifles ca 1812 to 1890. Armory Publications. Tacoma. 224p   ISBN: 096049829X   ( ISBN: 0960498206. set)

Hubert, Jean-luc. 1988. Cartouche de Chasse et de Sport pour Armes d'Epaule. Le Tilleut-Lambert. Evreux, France. 67p

Hughes, David. 1991. The History and Development of the M16 Rifle and its Cartridge. Far West Publications. 294p   ISBN: 0962609609

Hughes, David. 1991.  .223 Remington Cartridges, A Listing of Known .223 Cartridges. Cypress, California. 164p   ISBN: 0962609617

Huntington, Roy Theodore. 1978. Small-Caliber Ammunition Identification Guide, Vol.1 Small Arms Cartridges up to 15mm, Reproduction of DST-1160G-514-78-Vol.1. Military Arms Research Service. San Jose, California. 234p

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Huon, Jean. 1986. Les Cartouches pour Fusils et Mitrailleuses. Editions Amphora. Paris, France. 380p   ISBN: 1854090089

Huon, Jean. 1996. Les Cartouches pour Pistolets et Revolvers : Vol 1 Metric calibers. Evry, France. 256p   ISBN: 2950830846

Huon, Jean. 1988. Military Rifle and Machine Gun Cartridges. Alexandria . Ironside International Publishers. 378p   ISBN: 093555405X   (French Edition is "Collection Decouverte-Loisir-Aventure dirigee par Gerard Courtin". ISBN: 2851801228)

Huon, Jean. 1985. Les Cartouches Françaises de 7,5mm. Multi-arms. Rambouillet, France. 90p

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Imperial Chemical Industries. How Sporting Cartridges Are Tested. Imperial Chemical Industries. London, U.K.

Imperial Metal Industries Limited. 1935. Catalogue of Sporting Ammunition. The Kynoch Press. Birmingham, U.K.

Inneco, Gerard. 1979. Cartouches de Collection. Publimp. Laval, France. 300p

International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol). 1975. Cartridge Identification.  International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol). France. 120p

Isomura, Teruaki. 1989. Early Made Japanese Military Small Arms Ammunition. Richard King. Corvallis, Oregon. 24p

Iverson, Richard J.  Eley Shotshells: 1828.

Iverson, Richard J. 1988. The Shotshell in the United States. Circus Promotions. Jefferson, Maine. 189p

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Jolley, Garry. 1995. Kynoch: Case Heading Bumpers and Master Markings. Jolley. Bedford, U.K.   263p

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Jonkers, J.G. 1992. Overzicht van de P90 Patroon, 5,7X28. Voorschoten, Netherlands. 7p

Jorion, Serge and Regenstreif, Philippe. 1994. Atlas Culots de Munitions Vol 2 Codes non-Latin Chiffres et Symbols. Toulouses, France. 314p  (set of 2 Volumes)   ISBN: 2854283511

Jorion, Serge and Regenstreif, Philippe. 1994. Atlas Culots de Munitions Vol 1 Caracteres Alphabetiques Latin. Editions Cepadues. Toulouses, France. 232p  (set of 2 Volumes)   ISBN: 2854283511

Jorion, Serge and Regenstreif, Philippe. 1978. Cartouches: atlas d'identification des marques de culot des munitions d'armes légères. Crépin-Leblond. Paris, France. 190p

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Kass, George. 1993-. Centerfire Headstamp Guide. Vol 1  Kass. Okemos. 121p

Kass, George. 1993-. Centerfire Headstamp Guide. Vol 2. Kass. Okemos. 118p

Keith, Elmer. 1985. Sixgun Cartridges and Loads. 152p    ISBN: 0882770494

Kelly, Jack. 2004. Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive That Changed the World. Harper Collins. Canada. 288p   ISBN: 0465037186

Kelver, Gerald. 1982. Reloading Tools, Sights and Telescopes for Single Shot Rifles. 164p

Kent, Daniel. 1990. German 7.9mm Military Ammunition, 1888-1945. Daniel W. Kent. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 232p

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Kirst, W.J..  Self Consuming Paper Cartridges for the Percussion Revolver. 8p

Kistast, Edward.  Notes of .303 British Ammunition 1939-1945, WW2 Era.

Klatt, Paul. 2000. Small Arms Cartridges of the Civil War. Rococas, New Jersey.  37p

Klinect, Windy. 1984. Robin Hood and Their Merry Shot Shells. Ohio Cartridge Collectors.  62p

Klups, Norbert. 1998. Das Buch der Geschosse: Aufbau, Eigenschaften, Einsatzzweck. Nimrod Verlag. Suderburg, Germany. 189p   ISBN: 3927848239

Knothe, Manfred. 1985. Patronen für die Bergmann Pistolen, Varianten. Freiburg, Germany. 8p

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Kvale, Nils.  The Norma Gunbug's Guide: No 62. AB Norma Projektilfabrik. Amotfors, Sweden. 24p

Kynoch. 1962. Under Five Flags: The Story of Kynoch Works Witton 1862-1962. The Kynoch Press. Birmingham, U.K. 100p

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Labbett, Peter. 1988. .303 Inch: A History of the .303 inch Cartridge in British Service. London, U.K. 258p     ISBN: 095129220X

Labbett, Peter. 1999. Radway Green: A History of Royal Ordnance Factory Radway Green and Royal Ordnance Plc., Radway Green, 1940-1999. Labbett. London, U.K. 35p.

Labbett, Peter. 2000. Assault Rifle Ammunition 5.6mm to 11mm. Labbett. London, U.K. 65p

Labbett, Peter. 1988. British Anti-Tank Rifle Ammunition,1917-1945. Labbett and Brown. London, U.K.

Labbett, Peter. 1989. British Air Service Ammunition Special Loadings, .45 inch to .707 inch, 1914-18. Labbett and Brown. London, U.K.

Labbett, Peter. 1999. British Small Arms Ammunition, Miscellaneous Calibres, Experimental and Service, 1939-1999. Labbett. London, U.K. 57p

Labbett, Peter. 1993. British Small Arms Ammunition, 1864-1938 (Other than .303 Inch). Labbett. London, U.K. 358p    ISBN: 0952056704

Labbett, Peter. 1999. The Development in Britain of .30 inch Ammunition, 7.92 Ammunition, 15mm BESA Ammunition, 1939-1993. Labbett. London, U.K. 74p

Labbett, Peter. 1997. The Development of 5.56mm x 45 Ammunition in Britain 1966-1997. Labbett. London, U.K. 43p

Labbett, Peter. 1989. The Development of the German 7.9mmx33 Kurz Cartridge. Labbett and Brown. London, U.K.

Labbett, Peter. 1998. Development of 7.62mm x 51 Ammo in Britain 1953-97. Labbett. London, U.K. 66p

Labbett, Peter. 1996. The History and Development of 9mm x 19 Para Ammunition in Britain 1919-96. Labbett. London, U.K. 60p

Labbett, Peter. 1980. Military Small Arms Ammunition of the World 1945-1980. Arms and Armour Press. London, U.K. 128p   ISBN: 0853682941  (Also available in French as Encyclopedie Mondiale Des Munitions Moderns, Armes Militaires Legeres, 1945-1980. Pygmalion. Paris, France. 1982)

Lanza Gutiérrez, Francisco. 1978. Tratado de Cartucheria. Palencia, Spain. 1066p   ISBN: 8440048106

Lanza Gutiérrez, Francisco. 1969. Catálogo Lanza de cartuchería de fabricación nacional : (1893-1969). Versión militar Publicación. Madrid, Spain. 730p

Lapua GmbH (SK Jagd und Sportmunitions GmbH). 2005. Munitionsfertigung in Schönebeck 1829-2004. Elbe, Germany. 165p

Latoir, Francis. 1993. The Belgian Ammunition Trials 1884-1889. Brussels, Belgium. 85p

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Lenselink, J., Wanting, H.E. and de Hek, W.D. 1983. Patronen. Delfia Press. Rijiswik, Netherlands. 298p    ISBN: 9064490201

Lenselink, J., Wanting, H.E. and de Hek, W.D. 1993. Patronen des 20 Jahrhunderts. Motorbuch Verlag. Stuttgart, Germany. 295p    ISBN: 3613013231

Lenselink, J., and de Hek, W.D.. 1986. Notes on Small and Medium Caliber Military Cartridges : Vol 1 Cartridges and projectiles in drawings and pictures. Delfia Press. Rijswijk, Netherlands. 201p   ISBN: 9064490503

Lewis, Berkeley. 1972. Small Arms Ammunition at the International Exposition Philadelphia, 1876. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, U.S.A. 68p

Lippert, Jakob. 2002. Erkennungsblätter für Militärpatronen von 13 – 30mm. Munich, Germany.

Lippert, Jakob. 2002. Deutsche Bordwaffenmunition bis 1945. Munich, Germany. 600p

Lippert, Jakob. 2002. Deutsch 13mm. Munich, Germany. 450p

Lippert, Jakob. 2002. Deutsch 20mm. Munich, Germany. 500p

Logan, Herschel. 1948. Cartridges: A Pictoral Digest of Small Arms Ammunition. Standard Publications. Huntington, U.S.A. 204p

Long, Duncan. 1991. Modern Combat Ammunition. Sycamore Island Books. Boulder, Colorado. 216p     ISBN: 0873646282

López, Molina. 1988. La cartuchería de las armas ligeras. Ublicación. Ministerio de Defensa. Madrid, Spain. 663p

López, Molina and Maestro, Orea. 1993. Cartucheria Española - Spanish Ammunition. Valetin Merino. Valencia, Spain. 1308p  (Spanish and English text)  ISBN: 8460430138

Lorenz (Deutsche Metallpatronenfabrik). 1885. Compound-Geshoss “Lorenz”. Karlsruhe, Germany.

MacDonald, Chris R.. 1995. Canada and the .303-British : 1892-1992. S.C.C.G. 40p

Machalka, Ehrenfried. 1981. Untersuchung der Vorgänge bei der piezoelektrischen Druckmessung in der Innenballistik am Beispiel des Kalibers 7,62 × 51mm. Technical Hochschule Dissertation. Aachen, Germany. 130p

Mack, Arthur. 1989. Cartridge Case Measurements: The Complete Data Book of Small Arms Ammuntion. AMREX Enterprises. Virginia, U.S.A. 412p

Majendie, Vivian and Browne, Orde. 1871. Military Breech-Loading Rifles; with detailed notes on the Snider and Martini-Henry rifles, and Boxer ammunition. W. Mitchell and Company. London, U.K. 129p

Malfatti, Rene. 1984. Manuel de rechargement de cartouches pour armes rayées. Crepin Leblond. Paris, France. 285p

Marcello, Gerald. 1968 30-06 We Have Seen, Vol 1. San Diego, California. 43p

Marcello, Gerald. 1975 30-06 We Have Seen, Vol 2. San Diego , California . 221p  

Marcello, Gerald. 1986 30-06 We Have Seen, Vol 3. San Diego , California . 254p  

Marcot, Roy. 1983. Spencer Rimfire Cartridges: The Complete History and Development of Ammunition for Spencer Repeating Firearms. Northwood Heritage Press. California , U.S.A. 48p   ISBN: 09611494

Marshall, Evan and Sanow, Edwin. 2001. Stopping Power: A Practical Analysis of the Latest Handgun Ammunition. Paladin Press. 360p   ISBN: 158160128X

Marshall , W.P. 1870. The Comparative Merits of the Martini Rifle and the Westley Richards Rifle and Ammunition, etc. London , U.K.

Marston, William Walker. 1853. Specification of William Walker Marston: Breech-loading Fire-Arms and Cartridges. George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode. London , U.K.

Martin, Andy. 1991. Blasting Cap Tin Catalog. Old Adit Press, Tucson , Arizona . 80p

Mason, Williams. 1980. Practical Handgun Ballistics. Charles Thomas. Springfield , Illinios. 215p   ISBN: 039804032X

Mattenheimer, A. 1868. Cartridges for Breech-Loading Rifles: A Contribution to Firearms Instruction. (Reprint. 1989. Armory Publications. Oceanside . 83p   ISBN: 0939683059 )

Mattern, J. Randal. 1985. Handloading Ammunition: a Handbook Covering All Phases of the Loading of Metallic Ammunition for Revolvers, Pistols and Rifles. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott , Arizona . 380p   ISBN: 0935632182

Matthews, Paul. 1991. The Paper Jacket. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott , Arizona . 140p   ISBN: 1879356023

Matthews, Paul. 1993. Loading the Black Powder Rifles Cartridge. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott , Arizona . 122p

Matunas, Edward. 1979. American Ammunition and Ballistics. Winchester Press. Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . 220p   ISBN: 0876912900

Matunas, Edward. 1989. American Ammo, Selection, Use, Ballistics. Outdoor Life. Danbury , Conneticut. 307p   ISBN: 1556540604

Matunas, Edward. 1993. Lyman's Guide to Big Game Cartridges and Rifles. Lyman Products. Middlefield. 288p

McCoy, Robert. 1999. Modern Exterior Ballistics: the Launch and Flight Dynamics of Symmetric Projectiles. Schiffer Publishing. Atglen, Pensylvania. 328p   ISBN: 0764307207

McDowell, Bruce. 1985. Evolution of the Winchester . Armory Publications. Tacoma , Washington . 206p

McDowell, Bruce. 1984. Development of the Henry cartridge and self-contained cartridges for the toggle-link Winchesters: from powder & ball to the self-contained metallic cartridge. McDowell. Metuchen , New Jersey . 69p

McDougall, Douglas Sidney Arundel. 1985. 8 Bore Ammunition (Reprint of two books; ‘8 Bore Guns and Their Cartridges’ and ‘More 8 Bore Loads’, into one). DSA McDougall. Great Yarmouth , U.K. 130p

McDougall, Douglas Sidney Arundel. 1979.  8 Bore Guns and Their Cartridges. DSA McDougall. Great Yarmouth , U.K. 68p   ISBN-100950671002

McKee, W. Reid, and Mason Jr., M.E. 1980. Civil War Projectiles II. Moss Publications. 192p

McLean, Donald. 1971. Guide to Viet Cong Ammunition. Normount Technical Publications. 145p   ISBN: 0879471115

Medicus, Philip. Ammunition Reference Digest of Cartridges for Collectors Gunsmiths Shooters and Dealer.

Menschikov, N.G.. 1946.  АЛЬБОМ консмрукций иамронов: смрeлкового икрупокалиБерного авмомамического оружия (Album of Ammunition Constructions for Small Arms and Heavy Caliber Weapons [from 6.5 mm to 37 mm] ).  Moscow , Russia . 192p  (available as a reprint from GIG Publications, Atlanta , U.S.A. )

Mention, Philippe and Ramio, Christian. 1998. Cartridges of the Gras System. Armory Publications. Oceanside , California . 147p   ISBN: 0939683024

Menzel, Karl. 1994. Bodenstempel auf Deutschen Militärpatronen 7.92mm. Dettighofen , Germany . 125p

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Meyer, Klaus. 1977. Handbuch fur den Wiederlader. Journal-Verlag Schwend. Schwäbisch Hall , Germany . 573p

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Mischinger, Gerd. 2002. Der Volkseigene Betrieb (VEB) Mechanische Werkstätten Königswartha und seine Produktion von Munition für Handfeuerwaffen. Patronensammlervereinigung e.V.. Weisbaden , Germany . 176p

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Mori, Edoardo and Golino, Lorenzo. 1998. Dizionaio multilingue delle armi (English, Italian, French, Spanish, German). Editions Olimpia. Firenze , Italy . 408p   ISBN: 8825388012

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Moss, John. 1992. The Autopistol Cartridge in Argentina . Colma , California . 37p

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Mötz, Josef. 1993. G.Roth: Nummern fur Patronenhulsen. Vienna , Austria . 22p

Mötz, Josef. 1996 Austrian Military Cartridges (Österreichische Militärpatronen) Vol 1 The Small Arms Ammunition of the Habsburg Empire and Austrian Armed Forces from 1866 to 1954. Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr. Vienna , Austria . 440p  (German text with English summaries and captions)   ISBN: 3901208178

Mötz, Josef. 2001 Austrian Military Cartridges (Österreichische Militärpatronen Vol 2. Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr. Vienna , Austria . 456p  (German and English text)   ISBN: 3901208275

Mouchon, Pierre. 1959. Les Calibres 22. Crepin-Leblond. Paris, France. 1911p

Moulton, Forest Ray. 1926. Methods in Exterior Ballistics. Dover Press (1965). Chicago, Illinios. 257p

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Munhall, Burton and White, Henry. 1961. Catalog of Cartridge Manufacturers and Base Markings. H.P.White Company. Cleveland , Ohio .

Munnery, John. 1998. Bulgarian Military Cartridge Review 1876 to Present. Moira. Sofia , Bulgaria . 26p

Munnery, John. 1979. The Identification of Small Arms Ammunition - Tech Report AC/R/31. Royal Military College of Science. London , U.K. 208p

Münstedt, Joachim. 1983. Bestimmung unbekannter Patronen. Hamburg , Germany . Verlagsgesellschaft für Polizeipublikationen. 184p   ISBN: 3923259034

Murphy, George. 2006.  Dr. Edward Maynard's Cartridges. GIG Publishing. Atlanta , U.S.A. 263p

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Ness, Fred. 1948. Practical dope on the Big Bores.  Stackpole and Heck. New York , USA . 436p

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Nobel Industries Limited. 1925. Sporting Ammunition. Reprint. The Kynoch Press. Birmingham , U.K.

Nonte, George. 1986. The Home Guide to Cartridge Conversions. Rutgers Book Center . 404p   ISBN: 0882270052

Norton, Charles. 1870. American Inventions and Improvements in Breech-Loading Small Arms, Heavy Ordinance, Machine Guns, Magazine Arms, Fixed Ammunition, Pistols, Projectiles, Explosives and Other Munitions of War, including a Chapter on Sporting Arms. Chapin and Gould. Springfield . 407p

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O'Hart, Theodore. 1946. Elements of Ammunition. Wiley and Sons. New York , U.S.A. . 412p

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O Herb, Charles. 1951. Ordnance Production Methods (A Collection of articles published in Machinery magazine). Industrial Press. New York , U.S.A. . 534p

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Olver , N.D. . 1982. Stress analysis of 7.62 mm cartridge cases. Engineering Development Establishment, Australian Army. Maribyrnong , Australia . 7p   ISBN: 0642878854

Orson, Edward. 1854. Specification of Edward Forbes Orson: Cartridges for Fire-Arms (1828). George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode. London , U.K.

Paananen, Esa. 1993. Lapua reloading manual. Cartridge Factory Lapua Ltd.  374p   ISBN: 9529047347

Parkerson, Codman. A Brief History of Bullet Moulds. Pioneer Press. 31p

Parsons, John. 1957. Smith and Wesson Revolvers: The Pioneer Single-Action Models. William Morrow & Company. New York , U.S.A. 242p

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Pawlas, Karl. 1995. Munitionshandbuch. Journal Verlag. Schwabische Hall , Germany . 156p

Pawlas, Karl. 1986. Bodenstempel-lexikon. Journal Verlag. Schwabische Hall , Germany . 120p

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Phillips, Stanley. 1971. Bullets used in the Civil War 1861 – 1865. Lanham , Maryland . 36p

Pichene, René. 1955. Le Munitions.

Pieri, J.P. 1875. The Pieri Rifle and Metallo-caoutchouc Cartridge. Stauton and Son. London , U.K. 26p

Pitkaenen, Mika and Simpanen, Timo. 2006. 20 mm Suomessa: Aseet ampumatarvikkeet ennen vuotta 1945. Apali Oy.  Finland . 264p   ISBN: 9789525026597

Pitkänen, Mika and Simpanen, Timo. 2004. Suomalaiset Sotilaspatruunat 1918 - 1945 (Finnish Military Cartridges 1918 - 1945) (Text in Finnish with English summaries). Apali Oy Publication. Finland . 304p   ISBN: 9525026345

Pitman, John. 1987-92. The Pitman Notes on U S Martial Small Arms and Ammunition, 1776-1933 ( 5 Volumes.). Tacoma . Armory

Polte Armaturen- und Maschinenfabrik. 1935. Polte Armaturen- und Maschinenfabrik 1885-1935: 50 Jahre. Magdeburg . 329p

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Punnett, Chris. 1997. .30-06. CTG Publishing. Chadds Ford , Pennsylvania . 382p

Puri, V.P. 1986. Combustible cartridge cases: an account of the current technology and proposals for future development. (Technical report [Weapons Systems Research Laboratory Australia ]); WSRL-0471-TR. Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Research Laboratory. Adelaide , Australia . 25p   ISBN: 0642121397

Rains, Richard. 2003. Robin Hood .22 Boxes. Self published.                     

Rains, Richard and Walker, Gene. 1995. Western Super-X .22 Boxes.

Ramseyer, Werner and Zindel, Anton. 1996. Schweizerische Patronenboden-Bezeichnungen, Erganzungen,1985-1995 (Cartridge Head Stamps of Switzerland 1985-1995). St.Gallen , Switzerland . 16p

Regenstreif, Philippe. 1996. Munitions Polonaises D'Armes Legares 1919-1939. Regenstreif. 55p

Regenstreif, Philippe. 1983. Munitions Sovietiques et des pays de l'Est (Soviet and Eastern Powers Ammunition) [French text with English summaries and captions]. Crepin Leblond. Paris , France . 414p   ISBN: 2703000162

Reinhart, Christian and Am Rhyn, Michael. 1983. Die Munition zu den Maschinengewehren und Sturmgewehren.  Stocker-Schmid. Zurich , Switzerland . 16p

Reitbergen, Jan, W.. 2005. World Wide Shot Cartridges Photos: Headstamps, Topwads, Cases, Boxes, Slugs, More than 4000 Photos. Ugchelen , Netherlands . (On CDROM.)

Reuland, Walter. 1991. Cartridges for the Springfield Trap-door Rifles and Carbines, 1865 – 1898. Heritage Concepts. Laramie , Wyoming . 71p   ISBN: 0964646315

Rheinische Metallwaaren- und Maschinenfabrik. 1914. Rheinische Metallwaaren- und Maschinenfabrik Düsseldorf-Derendorf 1889-1914. 113p

Richards, James. 1992. British Cartridge Guide. Z-Towne Images. Zelienople , Pennsylvania . 150p

Riedel, Günter. 1997. Die Pulverfabrik Bomlitz und die Eibia GmbH. Wiesbaden , Germany . 168p

Rinker, Robert. 1999. Understanding Firearm Ballistics, Basic to Advanced Ballistics Simplified, Illustrated and Explained. Mulberry House Publishing Co. 427p   ISBN: 0964559846

Rittenhouse, Jack D. 1966. Cartridge & Firearms Historical Album: being a collection of curious and authentic articles published between 1850 and 1880 in such journals as the Scientific American, Harper’s Weekly, Knight’s Mechanical Dictionary, and similar works. Stagecoach Press. Santa Fe , New Mexico. 32p  

Robinson, J S 2009.The History of the Colonial Ammunition Co - London, Auckland, Melbourne. Self published.

Roellecke, Elga. 1994. Die Munitionsfabrik - Das Zündhütle 1897-1972. Karlsruhe, Germany. 85p

Romanini, Paolo. 1991. Cartucce per armi corte. Editions Olimpia. Firenze, Italy. 344p

Rose,Tessa and Boxall, Michael. 1985. The Illustrated History of Ammunition. New Burlington Books. London, England. 64p   ISBN: 0906286743

Rosenberger, Manfred. 2000. Jagdgeschosse. Motorbuch Verlag. Stuttgart, Germany. 222p   ISBN: 3613020157

Rubin, Eduard. 1891. Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Munition aller Geschützgattungen und Handfeuerwaffen der Schweizerischen Armee. Schüler. Biel , Switzerland. (Reprint 1984: Intersico Press. Zurich, Switzerland). 100p

Rudolf, Werner. 1997. Hülsennummern – Liste der Deutschen Waffen- undMunitionswerke Karlsruhe. Wollbrandshausen, Germany. 64p

Rudolf, Werner. 1997. Geschossnummern – Liste der Deutschen Waffen- undMunitionswerke Karlsruhe. Wollbrandshausen, Germany. 115p

Ruhberg, M. 1889. Über Zündhütchenverletzungen des Auges. (Thesis). Kiel, Germany. 28p

Rutterford, Ken J. 2006. Cartridges of the British Isles . (Shotgun). Arima Publishing, U.K. 360p   ISBN: 1845491114

Rutterford, Ken J. 1988. Collecting Shotgun Cartridges. David and Charles. London, U.K. 139p   ISBN: 009166330X

Rutterford, Ken J.. 1996 - 2003 Collectible Cartridges (11 Volumes). Rutterford. Swindon, U.K.

Rutzky, Andreas. 1861. Bewegung und Abweichung der Spitzgeschosse, Einfluss der gegenseitigen Stellung des Mittelpunctes des Luftwiderstandes und des Schwerpunctes auf die Lageanderung der RotationsAxe, etc. Gerold. Vienna, Austria. 75p

S.A.A.M.I. (Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute). American Centerfire Rifle Calibers. (also) American Pistol and Rimfire Calibers.

Salzer, Dick and Hedeen, Randy. 2000. A Guide to Ammunition Collecting. IAA. Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. 39p.

Saunders, Dick. 2003. 17 Caliber Shooting. 58p 

Schiffer, Thomas. 2002. Peters and King: The Birth and Evolution of the King Powder Company and the Peters Cartridge Company. Krause. Iola, Wisconsin. 256p

Scoffern, John. 1859. Projectile Weapons of War and explosive compounds, including some new resources of warfare, with especial reference to rifled ordnance, in their chief known varieties: with the authenticated weight, measurement, and mode of construction of Armstrong's wrought iron breech-loading guns, together with an account of their shells and fuses, illustrated by descriptive drawings. Longman, Brown and Co. London , U.K. 376p (Reprinted by Richmond Publishing. Surrey , U.K. 1971)

Scovill, Dave. 1993. The Illustrated Reference of Cartridge Dimensions. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott, Arizona. 343p   ISBN: 1879356252

Scranton, Eugene. 1990. Small Arms Ammunition Identification Codes, Part 1-14 and Supplement 1. Chestnut Hill. 580p

Seel, Wolfgang. 1993. Die G11 Story: Die Entwicklungsgeschichte Einer High-Tech-Waffe: The G11 Story: The Development Story of a High-Tech-Weapon. Journal Verlag Schwend GMBH. Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. 161p

Seger, Stephen. 1960. Feasibility Study of the Manufacture of 7.62mm Cartridge Cases From Plastic Materials. Franklin Institute. Philladelphia, Pennsylvania. 69p

Serino, Roberto. Ballistica e ricarica: teorie e practica del caricamento. Editorale Olimpia. Firenze, Italy. 160p

Shuey, Daniel. 1999. WRACo Headstamped Cartridges and Their Variations, Vol. 1. WCF Publications. Rockford, Illinois. 360p

Siedel, Fritz. 1977. Das Patronenbuch: Pulver und Blei im Wandel der Waffenentwicklung. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft. Munich, Germany. 167p   ISBN: 3405117593

Simmons, Richard. 1947. Wildcat Cartridges: an Analysis and Description of more than 275 Non-Commercial Experimental Cartridges. William Morrow and Company. New York , U.S.A. 333p  ISBN: 113514446X

Smatana, Karol. 2005. Zabudnutá Municka na Povazi. (Slovak). Slovakia. 366p   ISBN: 8089089

Smith, B.L..  1936. The 22-3000 Lovell Cartridge.  Open Trail. Toronto, Canada. 42p

Smith, Barbara. 1984. Arthur Chamberlain 1842-1913 : Metal Goods and Ammunition Manufacturer. Butterworths. London , U.K.

Smith, Colin. 1979. Collecting and Displaying 12 Bore Cartridge End Caps. Hobby Horse. Hornchurch , U.K. 9p

Smith, Gene and Curtis, Chris. The Pinfire System. Bushman-Brashaw. San Francisco, California. 216p

Smith, Paul. 2007 (10^th Revision). Variations of Military Experimental Calibers: An Illustrated Reference of Military Experimental Ammunition. (4 Volumes). Edmonton, Canada. 260p

Smith, Paul and Klinect, Gerald. 1993. The Black Shells. Shotshell Historical and Collectors Society. Ravenna, Ohio. 169p

Smith, Ted. 1976. The Bullet Swage Manual. Corbin Manufacturing & Supply. Phoenix, Oregon. 45p.

Smith, W.P.. 1993. Tell your Dealer: "I want some of the Black Shells". Shotshell Historical and Collectors Society. Ohio , U.S.A.

Société Francaise des Munitions. 1910. Société Francaise des Munitions de Chasse, de Tir et de Guerre, (anciens établissements Gévelot et Gaupillat). SFM. Toulouse, France. 67p

Sones, James. 1992. United States Registered Trademarks for Ammunition and Powders. Denver, Colorado. 179p

Stadt, Ronald. 1984. Winchester Shotguns and Shotshells. Armory Press. Tacoma.184p   ISBN: 0960498222

Steagall, Donald. 1988. United Kingdom Shotshells Confirmation Refrences: Burma, England, India, Ireland, Kenya, Scotland and South Africa. Wickham, U.K.

Steel (Periodical). 1941. The Manufacture of Munitions. (A compilation of articles on munitions manufacture from Steel magazine). Steel. Cleveland, Ohio.

Steel (Periodical). 1941.  More information on modern shell production, including the manufacture of cartridge cases, small arms ammunition, bombs and fuzes. Steel. Cleveland, Ohio. 55p

Stegmüller, Manfred. 2000. Von Flanschengeschossen und Wolframkernen: Die Entwicklung der Hochgeschwindigkeitsmunition für konische Rohre durch Dr. Hans Neufeldt und die Firma Polte, Magdeburg. W.Sünkel Verlag. Leinburg, Germany. 249p   ISBN: 393006006X

Steinhauer, Curtis. 2002. Cartridge Headstamp Identification. Calgary, Canada. (on CDROM.)

Steinle, Nepomuck. 1857. Die Spitzgeschosse und ihr Einfluss auf das Kriegswesen, mit besonderer Beziehung auf Schweizer Waffen. Intersico Press, Zürich, Switzerland. (Morion Reprints, 1979)

Stevens, Blake and Ezell, Edward. 1985. The SPIW: The Deadliest Weapon That Never Was. Collector Grade Publications. Toronto, Canada. 138p   ISBN: 0889350388

Steward, Frank. 1969. Shotgun Shells: Identification, Manufacturers, and Checklist for Collectors. B&P Associates. St. Louis, Missouri. 101p

Stowers, Roger.1991. Gibbs Rifles and Cartridges. Wolfe Publishing. Prescott, Arizona. 64p   ISBN: 0935632999

Strom, Hans. 1944. Dictionary of Ordnance Terms. Arms, Ammunition and Explosives, including other War Material, in Five Languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish. New York. 440p. (Previous edition entitled "Dictionary for Arms, Ammunition and Explosives")

Strømstad, Trond. 1985. Cartridge Index and Headstamp Accumulation. Egersund, Norway. 28p

Suydam, Charles. 1982. The American Cartridge, An Illustrated Study of the Rimfire Cartridge in the United States. Borden Publishing. 184p   ISBN: 0875051065

Suydam, Charles. 1977. U.S. Cartridges and their Handguns 1795-1975. Beinfield Publications. North Hollywood, California. 333p   ISBN: 0917714040 (German edition ISBN: 3-7276-7052-2)

Swearingen, Thomas. 1966. Tear Gas Munitions, An Analysis of Commercial Riot Gas Guns, Tear Gas Projectiles, Grenades, Small Arms Ammunition, and Related Tear Gas Devices. Charles C. Thomas. Springfield , Massacheucets. 569p

Tan. D.J. (et al). 1998. Performance Specification for 9mm 95grain Jacketed Soft Point Ammunition for Police Use. Home Office. Police Scientific Development Branch. Publication number 3/98. U.K.

Tan. D.J. 1985. Comparison of Proofing and Pressure Measurement Techniques for .357`inch` Magnum and .38`inch` Special Calibre Arms and Ammunition. Home Office. Scientific Research and Development Branch Publication. # 46/85. U.K.

Tanner, H. 1972. Mondragon , Mexico 's Ordnance and Ballistics Genius. Guns of the World. 286-95.

Taylor, John. African Rifles & Cartrdiges. The Gun Room Press. Highland Park. New Jersey.

Tchumak, R.N.  2007. Russkiy 7.62-MM Vintovochnyeruiy Patron (Russian 7,62-mm Rifle Cartridge. History and Evolution). Atlant Books. St. Petersburg ,  Russia.192p

Temple, Barry A.. 1995. British Machinegun Cartridges, 0.4” to 0.65” Calibers, 1870-1905. Kilcoy, Australia. 117p   ISBN: 0646220209

Temple, Barry A.. 1977. The Boxer Cartridge in the British Service. Wynnum Central, Australia. 200p   ISBN: 0959667709

Temple, Barry A.. 1986-1988. Identification Manual on the .303 British Service Cartridge No 1 Ball Cartridges. Temple. Burbank, Australia. 84p   ISBN: 0959667725

Temple, Barry A.. 1986-1988. Identification Manual on the .303 British Service Cartridge No 2 Blank Cartridges. Temple. Burbank, Australia. 95p   ISBN: 0959667733

Temple, Barry A.. 1986-1988. Identification Manual on the .303 British Service Cartridge No 3 Special Purpose Cartridges. Temple. Burbank, Australia. 82p   ISBN: 0959667741

Temple, Barry A.. 1986-1988. Identification Manual on the .303 British Service Cartridge No 4 Dummy Cartridges [1]. Temple. Burbank, Australia. 84p   ISBN: 0959667725

Temple, Barry A.. 1986-1988. Identification Manual on the .303 British Service Cartridge No 5 Dummy Cartridges [2]. Temple. Burbank, Australia. 78p   ISBN: 0959667725

Terry, A.H.. 1873. Report of the Board for Selecting a Breech-System for the Muskets and Carbines of the Military Service. Government Printing Office. Washington , U.S.A.

Thomas, Dean and Thomas, James. A Handbook of Civil War Bullets and Cartridges. Thomas Publications. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 75p   ISBN: 0939631946

Thomas, Dean. 1993. Ready... Aim... Fire! Small Arms Ammunition in the Battle of Gettysburg. Thomas Publications. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 76p   ISBN: 0939631008

Thomas, Dorothy. 1978. The Eley Story 1828-1978. IMI Kynoch Press. Birmingham, England.

Tillinghast, James C. 1986. Maynard-Logan and Hart Patent. Tillinghast Scrapbook No. 2. unpublished.

Tillinghast, James C. 1981. Photos of Lewis Metric Paper Cartridges. Tillinghast. Hancock.

Träder, Heinz. 1985. Hirtenberger Patronen, Zündhütchen- und Metallwarenfabrik AG.. (1860-1985) (Text in German and English). Hirtenberger. Hirtenberg, Austria. 20p

Traister, John and Traister, Robert. 1996. Complete Reloading Guide. Stoeger Publishing. 608p   ISBN: 0883171945

Treadwell, T.J. 1873. Ordnance Memoranda No. 14, Metallic Cartridges Manufactured and Tested at the Frankford Arsenal. Government Printing Office. Washington , U.S.A. 80p

Troinuge, Yves. 1979. Cartouches Fabuleuses. Dakar, Senegal. 19p

Tucker, Errol. 1992. Shotshells of Australia. Australian Cartridge Collectors Association. Doncaster, Australia. 142p

Tucker, Errol. 2000. Shotshells of Australia : Addendum 2000.  Tucker. Dubbo, Australia.

Union Metallic Cartridge Company. 1901. A Record of Ammunition: in shooting contests in the United States , with rules, etc. UMC. Bridgeport , Conneticut. 63p

United States Cartridge Company. 1891. Rim fire and central fire: pistol, rifle, military and sporting cartridges, brass and paper shot shells / manufactured by the United States Cartridge Company. Lowell, Massacheucetts. 28p

Utendoerffer, Hugo. Illustrirter Hülsen-Katalog der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Sprengstoff-Actien-Gesellshaft. (reprint. 1994. Journal-Verlag Schwend GmbH.. Schwäbisch Hall , Germany . 34p)

Van Eijk, Willem and Menzel, Karl. 2002. Bodenstempel auf Deutschen Militärpatronen 7.92mm. Willebadessen , Germany . 196p

Van Gelder, Arthur and Schlatter, Hugo. 1927. History of the Explosives Industry in America . Columbia University Press. New York , U.S.A. 1132p

Van Zwoll, Wayne . 1999. Modern Sporting Rifle Cartridges. Stoeger Publishing. 310p   ISBN: 0883172135

Ventieri, Juan. 1966. Historia de Cartuchería Orbea Argentina S. A. 1906 - 1966. Imprenta López. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 58p

Venturino, Mike and Garbe, Steve. Black Powder Cartridge Reloading Primer.

Walter, John. 2001. The Greenhill Dictionary of Guns and Gunmakers. Greenhill Books. London , U.K. 576p ISBN: 1853673927

Waters, Kenneth. Pet Loads (Vol 1) 636p

Waters, Kenneth. Pet Loads Supplement 1-23 (Vol 2) 64p

Waterworth, Cyril. 1961. Cartridges for Rifles Pistols and Antiques. Afco Pty. Sydney , Australia . 78p

Watrous, G.R. 1934. History of Winchester Primers. (published 1979. H/K publishing. Minnetonka , Minnesota . 93p)

Watrous, G.R. 1934. Winchester Metallic Ammunition, Brass and Paper Shotshells. (reprinted)

Weber, Casimir. 1914. Kriegspatronen und Dum-Dum-Geschosse. Leistung und Wirkung der Kriegsgewehre aller Staaten und ausführliche Beschreibung und Abbildung der hauptsächlichsten Dum-Dum-Geschosse. Stuttgart , Germany . 16p

West, Bill. 1969. Winchesters, Cartridges and History, 1858-1985 ( Winchester for over a Century Series). Bill West c/o John Babbish.   ISBN: 0911614044

West, Tom (Elliott, Ben). 1954. Remington Sporting Ammunition: Shotgun Shells, Rifle, Revolver and Pistol Cartridges. Remington Arms Co.. Bridgeport , Conneticut. 12p

Westley Richards and Co. Ltd. 1912. A Century of Gun & Rifle Manufacture. (Reprint. Armory Publications. Oceanside , California . 1988).

Whelan, D.J.. 1996. Analysis of the 5.56mm Ammunition Primer, Eleyprime, by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Defence Science and Technology Organisation. Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory; Defence Science and Technology Organisation Melbourne . Victoria , Australia . 9p

White, Henry and Munhall, Burton . 1977. Cartridge Headstamp Guide (revised). H. P. White Laboratory. Bel Air, Maryland . 261p

White, Henry and Munhall, Burton . 1948-50. Cartridge Identification, Pistol and Revolver Cartridges Vol 2 Centerfire American and British Pistol and Revolver Cartridges. Infantry Journal Press and Combat Forces Press. Washington , U.S.A.

White, Henry and Munhall, Burton . 1948-50. Cartridge Identification, Pistol and Revolver Cartridges Vol 1 Centerfire Metric Pistol and Revolver Cartridges. Infantry Journal Press and Combat Forces Press. Washington , U.S.A.

White, Henry and Munhall, Burton . 1967. Centerfire Pistol and Revolver Cartridges (revised). A.S. Barnes and Company, Inc.. South Brunswick , New Jersey . 170p

White, Terry. 2002. American Manufacturers of Combustible Ammunition: James H. Merrill, Baltimore, Md., E. R. Sturtevant, Springfield, Mass., H. W. Mason, South Coventry, Conn.. Thomas Publications. 112p   ISBN: 1577470850

Whittemore, Major James. 1879. First Report on Merwin, Hulbert & Co.'s Multiball Cartridges. Government Printing Office. Washington , U.S.A.

Whittemore, James and Heath, F. 1878. Ammunition, Fuses, Primers, Military Pyrotechny, Etc. Ordnance Memoranda, No 21. GPO. Washington , U.S.A. . 122p

Williams, Anthony G. And  Ness , Leland. 2006. Jane's Ammunition Handbooks 2006-2007. Jane's Information Group. London , U.K. 843p   ISBN: 9780710627469

Williams, William Bradford. 1921. Munitions manufacture in the Philadelphia Ordnance District. Pomerantz and Co. Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . 674p

Wilson, Robert and Brown, G. Allen. 2004. Winchester , An American Legend: The Official History of Winchester Firearms and Ammunition from 1849 to the Present. Chartwell Books. U.S.A. 404p   ISBN: 0785818936

Wilson, Robert. 1979. The Colt Heritage: the Official History of Colt Firearms, from 1836 to the Present. Simon and Schuster. New York , U.S.A. 358p

Winant, Lewis. 1959. Early Percussion Firearms: a History of Early Percussion Firearms Ignition from Forsyth to Winchester 44/40. William Morrow. New York , U.S.A. 292p

Winchester Repeating Arms Company. ca 1911-14. Factory Drawings of Small Arms Ammunition. unpublished.

Windisch, Erik and Kellner, Bernd. 2005. Die Munition zum Mausergewehr M71: Die erste deutsche Metallpatrone – ihre Vorläufer und Nachfolger.  Patronensammlervereiniging e.V.  Wiesbaden , Germany . 130p

Wolfe Publishing Company. 1992. Wildcat Cartridges (Combo Edition; Volumes 1 & 2 together). Prescott , Arizona . 1044p   ISBN: 187935618X

Wolfe Publishing Company. 1988. Propellant Profiles: From the pages of Handloader Magazine 1966-1987. 3rd Edition. Prescott , Arizona . 213p   ISBN: 0935632670

Wolfe Publishing Company. 1993. The Illustrated Reference of Cartridge Dimensions. Prescott , Arizona . 394p   ISBN: 1879356252.

Wonch, W.R.. 1958. Canadian Manufactured .303" British Ammunition. (Reprinted by Chris Punnett. 1982)

Yearout, L.E.. Winchester Reloading Tools. Winchester Arms Collectors Association.

Yust, Charles. 1983. Cartridge Collectors Notebook. Military Arms Research Service. San Jose , California . 122p

Zimmerman, Peter. 2007. Savage Ammunition Cartridges and Boxes from 1895 to 1963 (3^rd Ed). Rediscovered Shooting Treasures. Michigan , U.S.A. 89p    

Zupan, James. 1985. Tools, Targets, and Troopers. J.M.Carroll & Company. Mattitick , New York and Bryan , Texas . 176p

Zwecker, Manfred. 1985.  Stiftzünder-Schrotpatronen. (13 Volumes. to date). (Pinfire Shotshell Headstamp Guide). Zwecker. Murg-Niederhof , Germany . 650p

Zwecker, Manfred. 1981. Stiftzünderpatronen, Bodenstempel der Revolver- und Pistolenpatronen, 5-15mm. (13 Volumes. to date). (Revolver and Pistol Cartridges 5-15mm Pinfire Headstamp Guide) Zwecker. Murg-Niederhof , Germany .

Police Services in Australia <Return to top>

Queensland Police http://www.qld.gov.au/

New South Wales Police http://www.police.nsw.gov.au 

Victoria Police http://www.police.vic.gov.au/

South Australia Police http://www.police.sa.gov.au

Tasmania Police http://www.police.tas.gov.au

Western Australia Police http://police.wa.gov.au

Northern Territory Police http://wwwpolice.nt.gov.au/pfes

Australian Federal Police http://www.afp.gov.au/

Customs Services in Australia <Return to top>

The Australian Customs Service is located at 477 Pitt Street, Sydney, NSW 2000 Ph. (02) 9213 2000 while their Information Centre may be contacted on 1300 363 263    information@customs.gov.au

Australian Customs Service http://www.customs.gov.au

Legislation in Australia  <Return to top>

The pertinent requirements for firearm ownership in Australia are determined by the Firearms Act, 1996. While several state governments have excellent sites covering this act, the federal site may be located at http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/default.asp.

In addition, numerous Firearm Regulation have been implemented across Australia and these regulate activities such as ammunition collecting, arms fairs, etc. Again, several state governments have excellent sites dedicated to Firearms Regulation. For full details of the most relevant state and territory requirements, go to the 'Legislation' page (click here).

Firearms Registry in Australia  <Return to top>

Victorian Firearms Licensing Services
GPO Box 2807AA
MELBOURNE VIC 3001
Phone: 03 9247 3288
Facsimile: 03 9247 3196

New South Wales Firearms Registry
Locked Bag 1
MURWILLUMBAH NSW 2484
Phone: 1300 362 562
Facsimile: 6670 8558 / 64558

A.C.T. Weapons Registry
PO Box 401
CANBERRA CITY ACT 2601
Phone: 02 6245 7402
Facsimile: 02 6245 7259

South Australia Firearms Division
GPO Box 1539
ADELAIDE SA 5001
Phone: 08 8204 2519
Facsimile: 08 8204 2303

Queensland Weapons Licensing Branch
GPO Box 892 BRISBANE Qld 4001
Phone: 07 3364 4416
Facsimile: 07 3364 4863

Western Australia Firearms Branch
210 Adelaide Terrace
EAST PERTH WA 6000
Phone: 08 9231 7000
Facsimile: 08 9231 7029

Northern Territory Firearms Policy & Recording Unit
PO Box 39764
WINNELLIE NT 0821
Phone: 08 8922 3541
Facsimile: 08 8922 3540

Tasmania Police Firearms Registry
GPO Box 308C HOBART TAS 7001
Phone: 03 6230 2720
Facsimile: 03 6230 2765

Interesting Sites on the Web <Return to top>

Antique Ammunition Webring http://members.shaw.ca/cstein0/usrim.htm

- provides an identification chart for rimfire headstamps

Armory Publications http://www.armorypub.com/current.htm

Arms & Military Press (Ian Skennerton) http://www.skennerton.com/

- provides a comprehensive list of books on collectable firearms and related items

Army Technology http://www.army-technology.com/

Cannon, Machine Guns and Ammunition http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/ 

- a website for military gun and ammunition enthusiasts.

Cartridge Identification Charts http://members.shaw.ca/cstein0/riflelist2.htm

- providing great information on cartridge identification through measurements & headstamps

Cartridge Kings http://www.martscustoms.com/big_rifles.htm

- providing photographs and information on Big Magnum British cartridges.

DWM Codes http://www.municion.org/iphp/dwm.php

- identifies the cartridge associated with each DWM number

Enfield Stuff  http://www.enfield-stuff.com

- provides information about Lee-Enfield rifles and the men who carried them. Run by David Gadbois.

German codes page (The) http://users.swing.be/sw017995/german-codes.htm 

- provides a list of headstamp markings and lot numbers (1941-1945) for the German 7,92 x 33  and headstamp markings, colour codes, Polte's drawings etc for 7.92x57mm

German WWII Alphabetic Ordnance Codes: a-b http://www.radix.net/~bbrown/codes_full_alpha_a-b.html

 - provides a list of German WWII Alphabetic Ordnance Codes: a-b

German military 7.92x57mm headstamps http://home.tiscali.be/p.colmant/index_3.htm 

- provides a list of German military headstamps, abbreviations etc

Global Security http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/ammo.htm 

- provides photographs and specifications of many collectable military cartridges and associated ordnance

Gun Network Online Store http://www.ak-47.net/ammo/headstamps.html 

- provides identification charts for many 6.72x39mm cartridges

Gyrojet http://www.gyrojet.net

- provides information about MBA Gyrojets and other ordnance

Headstamp Identification of 7.62x54Rmm Cartridge http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinAmmoID.htm

- provides a comprehensive gallery of photographed 7.62x54Rmm headstamps and cartridges

Headstamp Identification of 7.62x39mm Cartridge http://www.ak-47.net/ammo/headstamps.html

- provides a list of headstamps and identifies years and country of manufacture

Headstamps http://www.afte.org/ExamResources/gallery2/v/Headstamp-Gallery/Letters_001/

- (Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners Image Gallery site) provides an extensive gallery of photographed headstamps of many calibres

Headstamps of the .303 British  http://www.thebritishlee.nl/cartridges_headstamps.html

- provides an extensive photographic gallery of manufacturer's codes

Headstamps of the .303 British Calibre Service Ammunition Round http://www.dave-cushman.net/shot/303headstamps.html

- (site by David A Cushman) provides a comprehensive list of military and commercial .303 headstamps together with descriptions of different types of projectiles 

Load from a Disc  http://www.loadammo.com

- provides a disc with database information for loading approximately 2000 cartridges. Included is a list of cartridges and case measurements which makes it ideal for cartridge identification.

Lawrence Ordnance http://lawranceordnance.com

- specialises in military rifles and collectables

Paul Collis www.paulcollis.dphoto.com

- specialises in reloading tools. He has images of a vast number of tools available. 

The Rocking R Collector Cartridges http://members.tripod.com/rrbar/

- provides information and photographs on collectable cartridges

Used Guns http://usedguns.com.au

- provides a service for the sale and purchase of firearms and firearm accessories

WCF Publications, Inc  www.oldammo.com

- books dedicated to study of Winchester ammunition and related subjects

<Return to top>